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Abstract
This article aims to revisit the impact of relations between Rome and the Maronite Church on her religious identity in the 16th century. The starting point is the manuscript kept in Florence (bncf) of the Missale Chaldaïcum, one of the first publications in the West of Maronite liturgical books. This Missale drew a lot of ink from researchers who did not always agree on its history and impact. The author of this article intends to reopen the file, moving away from generalizations of catalogs and carrying out a detailed analytical update of the codicological data offered by the manuscript examined, focusing mainly on the marginal notes. We are in the presence of a whole research which will lead to perceive the identity of the Maronites of Mount Lebanon in the 16th century, starting from the liturgical reality that they lived. This reality which has been altered by the publication of the Missale, and which can only be identified by a comparison with the Florentine manuscript. On the other hand, the codicological observations and analyzes carried out by the author show a progression of knowledge in Rome concerning the liturgy and oriental theology.