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Abstract
This proposal aims to synthetically recapture the historical framework and the theological foundations of the different positions of the Eastern Churches in their relationship to Muslims. If there is diversity, it is due to self-perception but also to the diversity of interlocutors and socio-political contexts. Not all Christians have enjoyed the same living conditions everywhere. However, through this plurality of situations, what are the main lines that stand out? What are the issues and the consequences? Analyzing these subjects theologically allows one to account for the experience Christians have in dealing with Muslims. Through a reflective reading, the discourse seeks to reveal the characteristics of the Christian presence as well as its vocation, and to underline the points of vigilance as well as the current stakes of the mission which Eastern Christians are delivering or are invited to pursue.