Abstract
The elevated cost of pharmaceuticals’research and development coupled with the increase in drugs’ attrition rate is invoking high treatment cost worldwide. This creates enormous medical, societal and economic challenges for both governments and manufacturers. Multi-stakeholder partnerships, MSPs, have been evolving to address these challenges through sharing resources, benefits and risks throughout the value chain of therapeutic development. Stakeholders from industry, governments, academia, patient organisations, and the private research community are joining forces to overcome medical scientific, regulatory, organisational and financial barriers in research and health innovation and accelerate the development of disease-modifying therapies. The aim of this article is to review similar MSPs while addressing the complexities and challenges of pharmaceuticals throughout the whole drug trajectory.