Oral lesion as the initial presentation in the diagnosis of histiocytosis X: A case report with 16-month follow-up
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Keywords

Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Periodontitis
Oral manifestations
Differential diagnosis
CD1a glycoprotein
Cytoplasmatic protein S100
Immunochemistry
Histology

How to Cite

MANHAL, W., SAAD, G., EL DACCACHE, M., ANKA, C., ABI RAAD, S., AFTIMOS, V. G., & BOU JAOUDE, G. (2025). Oral lesion as the initial presentation in the diagnosis of histiocytosis X: A case report with 16-month follow-up. International Arab Journal of Dentistry (IAJD), 16(1), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v16i1.1405

Abstract

Introduction: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease that comes from the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). It presents with a broad clinical spectrum, varying from involvement of a single organ system to multisystem disease, and frequently affects children, although cases in adults have been reported. Oral manifestations of LCH are non-specific and may mimic common periodontal conditions, posing a diagnostic challenge for dental practitioners.

Case presentation: A 63-year-old female patient presented with complaints of periodontal problems. She was initially diagnosed with periodontitis, but symptoms persisted despite treatment, prompting a referral for further evaluation. Histopathological analysis, supported by immunochemistry (CD1a and S100 positivity), confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. She subsequently underwent systemic chemotherapy with vinblastine and corticosteroids.

Conclusion: LCH is a rare yet important differential diagnosis for patients presenting with persistent oral lesions, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for definitive diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment of LCH can prevent disease progression and complications.

https://doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v16i1.1405
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